Analysis of Bulgaria Air and the Eastern-European Airline...

International Strategic Management 1. Legislation and regulatory rules in the industry Bilateral air service agreements remain the primary vehicles for liberalizing international air transport services. In the past 15 years more than 157 â€Å"open skies† agreements have been concluded between 96 states, the US being one of the states in 82 of the cases. Along with the continuing liberalization of air transport regulation, the protection and improvement of airline passenger rights has gained greater importance, particularly but not exclusively in major markets. A significant number of States, in recent years, have adopted regulatory measures that address some of the issues such as denied boarding†¦show more content†¦Hand baggage (including personal items) The carrier is liable if it was responsible for the damage. Make sure to file your claim within 7 days of receiving your luggage (or 21 days if your luggage was delayed). If you wish to pursue other legal action, you must do so within 2 years of the date your luggage arrives. If you are travelling with expensive items, you might be able – for a fee – to obtain a compensation limit higher than â‚ ¬1,223 by making a special advance declaration to the airline – at the latest when you check in. Though, the best thing is really to take out private travel insurance. 14 Nov 2013 – Eu approved usage of consumer electronics during take-off, landing and above 3000. The European Aviation Safety Agency (Easa) has approved the use of electronic devices during take-off and landing and will publish its guidance regarding safety testing and which devices can and can t be used during all phases of flight by the end of November 2013. The approval follows Federal Aviation Administration’s ruling in October that personal electronic devices such as e-book readers, tablet computers and portable games consoles could be used â€Å"during all phases of flight†. 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The Death Of My Father - 903 Words

Unfortunately heartbreak feels exactly how it sounds; a heart suddenly cracking as someone has abruptly given up on the one person they thought was everything. I remember at three years old observing at the top of the stairs as my parents threw destructive words between each other. By the time the two of them realized they shouldn’t be together the damage had already been done. I was five years old when my parents filed for divorce and it was finalized by the time I was six. When the divorce was final I did not see my dad; I experienced my first heartbreak at six. Months passed by of not seeing my father and my mom introduced me to her new boyfriend, Brian. As a child of two divorced parents, I instantly acted out because he wasn’t my dad. When I turned seven I was finally able to visit my father, and he brought the one thing I had always begged for growing up, a brother. I was thrilled, but had a hard time accepting that my dad was with someone other than my mom. 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Bag of Bones CHAPTER NINETEEN Free Essays

string(70) " as I knew the truth about John Shackleford’s childhood friend\." The telephone was ringing. I climbed toward it from a drowning dream where I couldn’t catch my breath, rising into early sunlight, wincing at the pain in the back of my head as I swung my feet out of bed. The phone would quit before I got to it, they almost always do in such situations, and then I’d lie back down and spend a fruitless ten minutes wondering who it had been before getting up for good. We will write a custom essay sample on Bag of Bones CHAPTER NINETEEN or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ringgg . . . ringgg . . . ringgg . . . Was that ten? A dozen? I’d lost count. Someone was really dedicated. I hoped it wasn’t trouble, but in my experience people don’t try that hard when the news is good. I touched my fingers gingerly to the back of my head. It hurt plenty, but that deep, sick ache seemed to be gone. And there was no blood on my fingers when I looked at them. I padded down the hall and picked up the phone. ‘Hello?’ ‘Well, you won’t have to worry about testifyin at the kid’s custody hearin anymore, at least.’ ‘Bill?’ ‘Ayuh.’ ‘How did you know . . . ‘ I leaned around the corner and peered at the waggy, annoying cat-clock. Twenty minutes past seven and already sweltering. Hotter’n a bugger, as us TR Martians like to say. ‘How do you know he decided ‘ ‘I don’t know nothing about his business one way or t’other.’ Bill sounded touchy. ‘He never called to ask my advice, and I never called to give him any.’ ‘What’s happened? What’s going on?’ ‘You haven’t had the TV on yet?’ ‘I don’t even have the coffee on yet.’ No apology from Bill; he was a fellow who believed that people who didn’t get up until after six A.M. deserved whatever they got. I was awake now, though. And had a pretty good idea of what was coming. ‘Devore killed himself last night, Mike. Got into a tub of warm water and pulled a plastic bag over his head. Mustn’t have taken long, with his lungs the way they were.’ No, I thought, probably not long. In spite of the humid summer heat that already lay on the house, I shivered. ‘Who found him? The woman?’ ‘Ayuh, sure.’ ‘What time?’ †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Shortly before midnight,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ they said on the Channel 6 news.’ Right around the time I had awakened on the couch and taken myself stiffly off to bed, in other words. ‘Is she implicated?’ ‘Did she play Kevorkian, you mean? The news report I saw didn’t say nothin about that. The gossip-mill down to the Lakeview General will be turnin brisk by now, but I ain’t been down yet for my share of the grain. If she helped him, I don’t think she’ll ever see trouble for it, do you? He was eighty-five and not well.’ ‘Do you know if he’ll be buried on the TR?’ ‘California. She said there’d be services in Palm Springs on Tuesday.’ A sense of surpassing oddness swept over me as I realized the source of Mattie’s problems might be lying in a chapel filled with flowers at the same time The Friends of Kyra Devore were digesting their lunches and getting ready to start throwing the Frisbee around. It’s going to be a celebration, I thought wonderingly. I don’t know how they’re going to handle it in The Little Chapel of the Microchips in Palm Springs, but on Wasp Hill Road they’re going to be dancing and throwing their arms in the sky and hollering Yes, lawd. I’d never been glad to hear of anyone’s death before in my life, but I was glad to hear of Devore’s. I was sorry to feel that way, but I did. The old bastard had dumped me in the lake . . . but before the night was over, he was the one who had drowned. Inside a plastic bag he had drowned, sitting in a tub of tepid water. ‘Any idea how the TV guys got onto it so fast?’ It wasn’t superfast, not with seven hours between the discovery of the body and the seven o’clock news, but TV news people have a tendency to be lazy. ‘Whitmore called em. Had a press conference right there in Warrington’s parlor at two o’clock this morning. Took questions settin on that big maroon plush sofa, the one Jo always used to say should be in a saloon oil paintin with a naked woman lyin on it. Remember?’ ‘Yeah.’ ‘I saw a coupla County deputies walkin around in the background, plus a fella I reckonized from Jaquard’s Funeral Home in Motton.’ ‘That’s bizarre,’ I said. ‘Ayuh, body still upstairs, most likely, while Whitmore was runnin her gums . . . but she claimed she was just followin the boss’s orders. Said he left a tape sayin he’d done it on Friday night so as not to affect the cump’ny stock price and wanted Rogette to call in the press right off and assure folks that the cump’ny was solid, that between his son and the Board of Directors, everythin was going to be just acey-deucey. Then she told about the services in Palm Springs.’ ‘He commits suicide, then holds a two A.M. press conference by proxy to soothe the stockholders.’ ‘Ayuh. And it sounds just like him.’ A silence fell between us on the line. I tried to think and couldn’t. All I knew was that I wanted to go upstairs and work, aching head or no aching head. I wanted to rejoin Andy Drake, John Shackleford, and Shackleford’s childhood friend, the awful Ray Garraty. There was madness in my story, but it was a madness I understood. ‘Bill,’ I said at last, ‘are we still friends?’ ‘Christ, yes,’ he said promptly. ‘But if there’s people around who seem a little stand-offy to you, you’ll know why, won’t you?’ Sure I’d know. Many would blame the old man’s death on me. It was crazy, given his physical condition, and it would by no means be a majority opinion, but the idea would gain a certain amount of credence, at least in the short run I knew that as well as I knew the truth about John Shackleford’s childhood friend. You read "Bag of Bones CHAPTER NINETEEN" in category "Essay examples" Kiddies, once upon a time there was a goose that flew back to the little unincorporated township where it had lived as a downy gosling. It began laying lovely golden eggs, and the townsfolk all gathered around to marvel and receive their share. Now, however, that goose was cooked and someone had to take the heat. I’d get some, but Mattie’s kitchen might get a few degrees toastier than mine; she’d had the temerity to fight for her child instead of silently handing Ki over. ‘Keep your head down the next few weeks,’ Bill said. ‘That’d be my idea. In fact, if you had business that took you right out of the TR until all this settles down, that might be for the best.’ ‘I appreciate the sense of what you’re saying, but I can’t. I’m writing a book. If I pick up my shit and move, it’s apt to die on me. It’s happened before, and I don’t want it to happen this time.’ ‘Pretty good yarn, is it?’ ‘Not bad, but that’s not the important thing. It’s . . . well, let’s just say this one’s important to me for other reasons.’ ‘Wouldn’t it travel as far as Derry?’ ‘Are you trying to get rid of me, William?’ ‘I’m tryin to keep an eye out, that’s all caretakin’s my job, y’know. And don’t say you weren’t warned: the hive’s gonna buzz. There’s two stories going around about you, Mike. One is that you’re shacking with Mattie Devore. The other is that you came back to write a hatchet-job on the TR. Pull out all the old skeletons you can find.’ ‘Finish what Jo started, in other words. Who’s been spreading that story, Bill?’ Silence from Bill. We were back on earthquake ground again, and this time that ground felt shakier than ever. ‘The book I’m working on is a novel,’ I said. ‘Set in Florida.’ ‘Oh, ayuh?’ You wouldn’t think three little syllables could have so much relief in them. ‘Think you could kind of pass that around?’ ‘I think I could,’ he said. ‘If you tell Brenda Meserve, it’d get around even faster and go even farther.’ ‘Okay, I will. As far as Mattie goes ‘ ‘Mike, you don’t have to’ ‘I’m not shacking with her. That was never the deal. The deal was like walking down the street, turning the corner, and seeing a big guy beating up a little guy.’ I paused. ‘She and her lawyer are planning a barbecue at her place Tuesday noon. I’m planning to join them. Are people from town going to think we’re dancing on Devore’s grave?’ ‘Some will. Royce Merrill will. Dickie Brooks will. Old ladies in pants, Yvette calls em.’ ‘Well fuck them,’ I said. ‘Every last one.’ ‘I understand how you feel, but tell her not to shove it in folks’ faces,’ he almost pleaded. ‘Do that much, Mike. It wouldn’t kill her to drag her grill around back of her trailer, would it? At least with it there, folks lookin out from the store or the garage wouldn’t see nothing but the smoke.’ ‘I’ll pass on the message. And if I make the party, I’ll put the barbecue around back myself.’ ‘You’d do well to stay away from that girl and her child,’ Bill said. ‘You can tell me it’s none of my business, but I’m talkin to you like a Dutch uncle, tellin you for your own good.’ I had a flash of my dream then. The slick, exquisite tightness as I slipped inside her. The little breasts with their hard nipples. Her voice in the darkness, telling me to do what I wanted. My body responded almost instantly. ‘I know you are,’ I said. ‘All right.’ He sounded relieved that I wasn’t going to scold him take him to school, he would have said. ‘I’ll let you go n have your breakfast.’ ‘I appreciate you calling.’ ‘Almost didn’t. Yvette talked me into it. She said, â€Å"You always liked Mike and Jo Noonan best of all the ones you did for. Don’t you get in bad with him now that he’s back home.† ‘Tell her I appreciate it,’ I said. I hung up the phone and looked at it thoughtfully. We seemed to be on good terms again . . . but I didn’t think we were exactly friends. Certainly not the way we had been. That had changed when I realized Bill was lying to me about some things and holding back about others; it had also changed when I realized what he had almost called Sara and the Red-Tops. You can’t condemn a manor what may only be a figment of your own imagination. True, and I’d try not to do it . . . but I knew what I knew. I went into the living room, snapped on the TV, then snapped it off again. My satellite dish got fifty or sixty different channels, and not a one of them local. There was a portable TV in the kitchen, however, and if I dipped its rabbit-ears toward the lake I’d be able to get WMTW, the ABC affiliate in western Maine. I snatched up Rogette’s note, went into the kitchen, and turned on the little Sony tucked under the cabinets with the coffee-maker. Good Morning America was on, but they would be breaking for the local news soon. In the meantime I scanned the note, this time concentrating on the mode of expression rather than the message, which had taken all of my attention the night before. Hopes to return to California by private jet very soon, she had written. Has business which can be put off no longer, she had written. If you promise to let him rest in peace, she had written. It was a goddam suicide note. ‘You knew,’ I said, rubbing my thumb over the raised letters of her name. ‘You knew when you wrote this, and probably when you were chucking rocks at me. But why?’ Custody has its responsibilities, she had written. Don’t forget he said so. But the custody business was over, right? Not even a judge that was bought and paid for could award custody to a dead man. GMA finally gave way to the local report, where Max Devore’s suicide was the leader. The TV picture was snowy, but I could see the maroon sofa Bill had mentioned, and Rogette Whitmore sitting on it with her hands folded composedly in her lap. I thought one of the deputies in the background was George Footman, although the snow was too heavy for me to be completely sure. Mr. Devore had spoken frequently over the last eight months of ending his life, Whitmore said. He had been very unwell. He had asked her to come out with him the previous evening, and she realized now that he had wanted to look at one final sunset. It had been a glorious one, too, she added. I could have corroborated that; I remembered the sunset very well, having almost drowned by its light. Rogette was reading Devore’s statement when my phone rang again. It was Mattie, and she was crying in hard gusts. ‘The news,’ she said, ‘Mike, did you see . . . do you know . . . ‘ At first that was all she could manage that was coherent. I told her I did know, Bill Dean had called me and then I’d caught some of it on the local news. She tried to reply and couldn’t speak. Guilt, relief, horror, even hilarity I heard all those things in her crying. I asked where Ki was. I could sympathize with how Mattie felt until turning on the news this morning she’d believed old Max Devore was her bitterest enemy but I didn’t like the idea of a three-year-old girl watching her mom fall apart. ‘Out back,’ she managed. ‘She’s had her breakfast. Now she’s having a d-doll p-p-p . . . doll pi-p-pic ‘ ‘Doll picnic. Yes. Good. Let it go, then. All of it. Let it out.’ She cried for two minutes at least, maybe longer. I stood with the telephone pressed to my ear, sweating in the July heat, trying to be patient. I’m going to give you one chance to save your soul, Devore had told me, but this morning he was dead and his soul was wherever it was. He was dead, Mattie was free, I was writing. Life should have felt wonderful, but it didn’t. At last she began to get her control back. ‘I’m sorry. I haven’t cried like that really, really cried since Lance died.’ ‘It’s understandable and you’re allowed.’ ‘Come to lunch,’ she said. ‘Come to lunch please, Mike. Ki’s going to spend the afternoon with a friend she met at Vacation Bible School, and we can talk. I need to talk to someone . . . God, my head is spinning. Please say you’ll come.’ ‘I’d love to, but it’s a bad idea. Especially with Ki gone.’ I gave her an edited version of my conversation with Bill Dean. She listened carefully. I thought there might be an angry outburst when I finished, but I’d forgotten one simple fact: Mattie Stanchfield Devore had lived around here all her life. She knew how things worked. ‘I understand that things will heal quicker if I keep my eyes down, my mouth shut, and my knees together,’ she said, ‘and I’ll do my best to go along, but diplomacy only stretches so far. That old man was trying to take my daughter away, don’t they realize that down at the goddam general store?’ ‘I realize it.’ ‘I know. That’s why I wanted to talk to you.’ ‘What if we had an early supper on the Castle Rock common? Same place as Friday? Say five-ish?’ ‘I’d have to bring Ki ‘ ‘Fine,’ I said. ‘Bring her. Tell her I know â€Å"Hansel and Gretel† by heart and am willing to share. Will you call John in Philly? Give him the details?’ ‘Yes. I’ll wait another hour or so. God, I’m so happy. I know that’s wrong, but I’m so happy I could burst!’ ‘That makes two of us.’ There was a pause on the other end. I heard a long, watery intake of breath. ‘Mattie? All right?’ ‘Yes, but how do you tell a three-year-old her grandfather died?’ Tell her the old fuck slipped and fell headfirst into a Glad Bag, I thought, then pressed the back of my hand against my mouth to stifle a spate of lunatic cackles. ‘I don’t know, but you’ll have to do it as soon as she comes in.’ ‘I will? Why?’ ‘Because she’s going to see you. She’s going to see your face.’ I lasted exactly two hours in the upstairs study, and then the heat drove me out the thermometer on the stoop read ninety-five degrees at ten o’clock. I guessed it might be five degrees warmer on the second floor. Hoping I wasn’t making a mistake, I unplugged the IBM and carried it downstairs. I was working without a shirt, and as I crossed the living room, the back of the typewriter slipped in the sweat coating my midriff and I almost dropped the outdated sonofabitch on my toes. That made me think of my ankle, the one I’d hurt when I fell into the lake, and I set the typewriter aside to look at it. It was colorful, black and purple and reddish at the edges, but not terribly inflated. I guessed my immersion in the cool water had helped keep the swelling down. I put the typewriter on the deck table, rummaged out an extension cord, plugged in beneath Bunter’s watchful eye, and sat down facing the hazy blue-gray surface of the lake. I waited for one of my old anxiety attacks to hit the clenched stomach, the throbbing eyes, and, worst of all, that sensation of invisible steel bands clamped around my chest, making it impossible to breathe. Nothing like that happened. The words flowed as easily down here as they had upstairs, and my naked upper body was loving the little breeze that puffed in off the lake every now and again. I forgot about Max Devore, Mattie Devore, Kyra Devore. I forgot about Jo Noonan and Sara Tidwell. I forgot about myself. For two hours I was back in Florida. John Shackleford’s execution was nearing. Andy Drake was racing the clock. It was the telephone that brought me back, and for once I didn’t resent interruption. If undisturbed, I might have gone on writing until I simply melted into a sweaty pile of goo on the deck. It was my brother. We talked about Mom in Siddy’s opinion she was now short an entire roof instead of just a few shingles and her sister, Francine, who had broken her hip in June. Sid wanted to know how I was doing, and I told him I was doing all right, I’d had some problems getting going on a new book but now seemed to be back on track (in my family, the only permissible time to discuss trouble is when it’s over). And how was the Sidster? Kickin, he said, which I assumed meant just fine Siddy has a twelve-year-old, and consequently his slang is always up-to-date. The new accounting business was starting to take hold, although he’d been scared for awhile (first I knew of it, of course). He could never thank me enough for the bridge loan I’d made him last November. I replied that it was the least I could do, which was the absolute truth, especially when I considered how much more time both in person and on the phone he spent with our mother than I did. ‘Well, I’ll let you go,’ Siddy told me after a few more pleasantries he never says goodbye or so long when he’s on the phone, it’s always well, I’ll let you go, as if he’s been holding you hostage. ‘You want to keep cool up there, Mike Weather Channel says it’s going to be hotter than hell in New England all weekend.’ ‘There’s always the lake if things get too bad. Hey Sid?’ ‘Hey what?’ Like I’ll let you go, Hey what went back to childhood. It was sort of comforting; it was also sort of spooky. ‘Our folks all came from Prout’s Neck, right? I mean on Daddy’s side.’ Mom came from another world entirely one where the men wear Lacoste polo shirts, the women always wear full slips under their dresses, and everyone knows the second verse of ‘Dixie’ by heart. She had met my dad in Portland while competing in a college cheerleading event. Materfamilias came from Memphis quality, darling, and didn’t let you forget it. ‘I guess so,’ he said. ‘Yeah. But don’t go asking me a lot of family-tree questions, Mike I’m still not sure what the difference is between a nephew and a cousin, and I told Jo the same thing.’ ‘Did you?’ Everything inside me had gone very still . . . but I can’t say I was surprised. Not by then. ‘Uh-huh, you bet.’ ‘What did she want to know?’ ‘Everything I knew. Which isn’t much. I could have told her all about Ma’s great-great-grandfather, the one who got killed by the Indians, but Jo didn’t seem to care about any of Ma’s folks.’ ‘When would this have been?’ ‘Does it matter?’ ‘It might.’ ‘Okay, let’s see. I think it was around the time Patrick had his appendectomy. Yeah, I’m sure it was. February of ’94. It might have been March, but I’m pretty sure it was February.’ Six months from the Rite Aid parking lot. Jo moving into the shadow of her own death like a woman stepping beneath the shade of an awning. Not pregnant, though, not yet. Jo making day-trips to the TR. Jo asking questions, some of the sort that made people feel bad, according to Bill Dean . . . but she’d gone on asking just the same. Yeah. Because once she got onto something, Jo was like a terrier with a rag in its jaws. Had she been asking questions of the man in the brown sportcoat? Who was the man in the brown sportcoat? ‘Pat was in the hospital, sure. Dr. Alpert said he was doing fine, but when the phone rang I jumped for it I half-expected it to be him, Alpert, saying Pat had had a relapse or something.’ ‘Where in God’s name did you get this sense of impending doom, Sid?’ ‘I dunno, buddy, but it’s there. Anyway, it’s not Alpert, it’s Johanna. She wants to know if we had any ancestors three, maybe even four generations back who lived there where you are, or in one of the surrounding towns. I told her I didn’t know, but you might. Know, I mean. She said she didn’t want to ask you because it was a surprise. Was it a surprise?’ ‘A big one,’ I said. ‘Daddy was a lobsterman ‘ ‘Bite your tongue, he was an artist ‘a seacoast primitive.’ Ma still calls him that.’ Siddy wasn’t quite laughing. ‘Shit, he sold lobster-pot coffee-tables and lawn-puffins to the tourists when he got too rheumatic to go out on the bay and haul traps.’ ‘I know that, but Ma’s got her marriage edited like a movie for television.’ How true. Our own version of Blanche Du Bois. ‘Dad was a lobster-man in Prout’s Neck. He ‘ Siddy interrupted, singing the first verse of ‘Papa Was a Rollin’ Stone’ in a horrible off key tenor. ‘Come on, this is serious. He had his first boat from his father, right?’ ‘That’s the story,’ Sid agreed. ‘Jack Noonan’s Lazy Betty, original owner Paul Noonan. Also of Prout’s. Boat took a hell of a pasting in Hurricane Donna, back in 1960. I think it was Donna.’ Two years after I was born. ‘And Daddy put it up for sale in ’63.’ ‘Yep. I don’t know whatever became of it, but it was Grampy Paul’s to begin with, all right. Do you remember all the lobster stew we ate when we were kids, Mikey?’ ‘Seacoast meatloaf,’ I said, hardly thinking about it. Like most kids raised on the coast of Maine, I can’t imagine ordering lobster in a restaurant that’s for flatlanders. I was thinking about Grampy Paul, who had been born in the 1890s. Paul Noonan begat Jack Noonan, Jack Noonan begat Mike and Sid Noonan, and that was really all I knew, except the Noonans had all grown up a long way from where I now stood sweating my brains out. They shit in the same pit. Devore had gotten it wrong, that was all when we Noonans weren’t wearing polo shirts and being Memphis quality, we were Prout’s Neckers. It was unlikely that Devore’s great-grandfather and my own would have had anything to do with each other in any case; the old rip had been twice my age, and that meant the generations didn’t match up. But if he had been totally wrong, what had Jo been on about? ‘Mike?’ Sid asked. ‘Are you there?’ ‘Yeah.’ ‘Are you okay? You don’t sound so great, I have to tell you.’ ‘It’s the heat,’ I said. ‘Not to mention your sense of impending doom. Thanks for calling, Siddy.’ ‘Thanks for being there, brother.’ ‘Kickin,’ I said. I went out to the kitchen to get a glass of cold water. As I was filling it, I heard the magnets on the fridge begin sliding around. I whirled, spilling some of the water on my bare feet and hardly noticing. I was as excited as a kid who thinks he may glimpse Santa Claus before he shoots back up the chimney. I was barely in time to see nine plastic letters drawn into the circle from all points of the compass. CARLADEAN, they spelled . . . but only for a second. Some presence, tremendous but unseen, shot past me. Not a hair on my head stirred, but there was still a strong sense of being buffeted, the way you’re buffeted by the air of a passing express train if you’re standing near the platform yellow-line when the train bolts through. I cried out in surprise and groped my glass of water back onto the counter, spilling it. I no longer felt in need of cold water, because the temperature in the kitchen of Sara Laughs had dropped off the table. I blew out my breath and saw vapor, as you do on a cold day in January. One puff, maybe two, and it was gone but it had been there, all right, and for perhaps five seconds the film of sweat on my body turned to what felt like a slime of ice. CARLADEAN exploded outward in all directions it was like watching an atom being smashed in a cartoon. Magnetized letters, fruits, and vegetables flew off the front of the refrigerator and scattered across the kitchen. For a moment the fury which fuelled that scattering was something I could almost taste, like gunpowder. And something gave way before it, going with a sighing, rueful whisper I had heard before: ‘Oh Mike. Oh Mike.’ It was the voice I’d caught on the Memo-Scriber tape, and although I hadn’t been sure then, I was now it was Jo’s voice. But who was the other one? Why had it scattered the letters? Carla Dean. Not Bill’s wife; that was Yvette. His mother? His grandmother? I walked slowly through the kitchen, collecting fridge-magnets like prizes in a scavenger hunt and sticking them back on the Kenmore by the handful. Nothing snatched them out of my hands; nothing froze the sweat on the back of my neck; Bunter’s bell didn’t ring. Still, I wasn’t alone, and I knew it. CARLADEAN: Jo had wanted me to know. Something else hadn’t. Something else had shot past me like the Wabash Cannonball, trying to scatter the letters before I could read them. Jo was here; a boy who wept in the night was here, too. And what else? What else was sharing my house with me? How to cite Bag of Bones CHAPTER NINETEEN, Essay examples

Literary Analysis Essay

Question: Discuss about theLiterary Analysis Essay. Answer: Introduction Rudyard Kipling, through his timeless classics, introduced the concept of writing to the children. In the piece, we are going to consider two stories (How the letter was written and How the alphabet wad made) under the British author Kiplings Just so stories. The two stories, penned down by Rudyard Kipling, render a lucid tone. The stories composed by Kipling are credible. At the same time, the stories give us a comprehensive overview about the inception of writing. Both the pieces centred on the sojourn of the Neolithic man and reflected on their understanding of the English alphabet. Through these two stories, Rudyard Kipling imparted a great deal of knowledge on English alphabet to the children (Shires). In the first segment, the story How the letter was written that falls under the category of Kiplings Just so stories, deals with a Neolithic cave people and their comprehension of the English alphabet. Modelled on the totem tales, Rudyard Kipling showed in the story that the Neolithic people used various signs, symbols and perishable materials to convey their messages. In the story, Kipling showed that a Neolithic man took his young girl for fishing. While fishing, the young girl pondered on a serious question related to the lack of writing efficiency. During that time, they encountered a stranger from another tribe, who was not aware of Tegumais language (Kipling). The stranger gave a big flat piece of bark to the girl and made her understand that he was an innocuous soul. On the other hand, the girl thought that the stranger was asking for her mothers address. The girl asked him to lend his shark tooth and scribbled on it, which the stranger misconstrued as something magical. The author Rudyard Kipling wrote, Oh! said she. Now I see! You want my Mummys living address? Of course, I cant write, but I can draw pictures if Ive anything sharp to scratch with. Please lend me the sharks tooth off your necklace (Page 31). The particular extract explained how people used convey their messages to others. At the same time, they countenanced varied problems related to writing and language. There was no homogenous language policy during that time. People from one tribe did not understand the language of another tribe (Murphy). The people of the Stone Age faced this mishap. In another, the story, How the alphabet was made falls under the rubric of Kiplings Just so stories. In the particular piece, How the alphabet was made, the range of alphabet started with a fish, a fragment of bark and swamps of mud. The story revolves around the little Neolithic cave girl who used various materials to write and give lovely surprise to her father. The piece entails how the Neolithic men started to understand language and use it on a daily basis. Drawing on the concept of Mythological diversity of language, the writer aims to fuse the two contexts. Mythology does not explain the inception of language. However, it elucidates one point very clearly (Barbour). Mythology shows the necessity of complicating the language patterns. The paradigm of language complexity is phenomenal, as /Xam has its fair share. For example, at least 24 verbal particles that comes before the verb signifies the mood and tense. At the same time, some six verbal suffixes manifest recurrent themes and actuation of English grammar (Evans). Reference Barbour, Ian G.Myths, models and paradigms. Harper Collins, 2013. https://www.harpercollins.com/9780062276421/myths-models-and-paradigms Evans, Vyvyan.The language myth: Why language is not an instinct. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Kipling, Rudyard.Just so stories. Random House, 2013. Murphy, Ruth. "Kipling s Just So Stories: The Recapitulative Child and Evolutionary Progress."The Child Savage, 18902010: From Comics to Games(2016). Shires, Linda M. "Mutual Adaptation in Rudyard Kipling's Letters to His Children and Just So Stories."Children's Literature43.1 (2015): 182-207.

External Factors of New Zealand Business free essay sample

Different external environment factors include customer demographics and satisfaction, business competition, national and international laws, and the availability of resources, technology and labor. Most of things are not controlled by the organization; they are completely independent factors that affect the prosperity of businesses. Globally, the economy has improved in the last several years; however, most countries are still considered to be in a recession, with unemployment rates remaining high. The resulting affect on New Zealand may be a decrease in tourism. Less individuals are capable of affording expensive trips to this distant islands, so the crucial tourism trade might be in for a tough blow. However, since the recession has started to lift, tourism has started to increase – with ongoing economic stimulus, it may be just as successful as it was in the past. New Zealand has always been a leader in sustainable business practices, and this trend is growing more popular with other businesses around the world. We will write a custom essay sample on External Factors of New Zealand Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page New Zealand’s business may see a positive reaction when other companies begin adopting their sustainable practices. At the same time, competition would be on the rise, which would be a terrible threat to New Zealand’s businesses. The external environment will have serious consequences on the success of New Zealand’s businesses in 2012 3 Economic Analysis of external factors: External driving forces are those kinds of things, situation, or events that occur outside of the company and are by and large beyond the control of the company. Examples of external driving forces might be the industry itself, the economy, demographics, competition, political interference, etc. In order for a business to succeed and gain the competitive edge, the business must know what changes are indeed occurring, and what changes might be coming up in the future. I guess you might call this forecasting. Thus, critical to the business is what we call informational resources. It is the collection and analyzation of data. Some examples of critical information might include the following: †¢ Competition (what are they doing? ) †¢ Customer behavior (needs, wants, and desires) †¢ Industry out look (local, national, global) †¢ Demographics (the change populations, there density, etc. †¢ Economy (are we peaking, or moving negatively) †¢ Political movements and/or interference †¢ Social environment †¢ Technological changes †¢ General environmental changes Macro economics factors that effects a business: †¢ Demand and supply: The demand and supply are two principal factors that affect the working of any business model. The demand is the will and ability of consumers to purchase a particular commodity, while supply is the ability of the business to provide for the demand of consumers. Suppose, a mobile phone infused with latest technology is introduced in the market, it will have a higher price because of its demand in the market. Its prices will continue to increase if the supply does not meet the demand, †¢ Marginal and total utility: Utility is the amount of satisfaction, that is derived by consumers from the consumption of goods. It so happens that after continuous and successive consumption of units of the same goods, the satisfaction that is experienced by a consumer starts decreasing. This often results in short-term or long-term fall in sales. Some organizations prepare for the launch of another brand, before the fall in utility and sales is experienced. The launch of new brand ensures that the revenue trend of the business does not fall. Diminishing utility is among the external factors affecting business. 4 †¢ Money and banking: Monetary and fiscal policies that impact the business of banking business and customer benefits. Purchasing power of the currency in circulation or the consumer demand dictates. On the other hand, as a business loan to a banking facility capacity dictates. Investment banking and asset value of the product and the interest rate in effect on the price of a decisive role. Economic activity and inflation in the countrys economic polices are also affected. The whole dynamic process is known as monetary policy transmission mechanism. Economic growth and development: Economic growth and development of the society is the realization of a long-term investment in upgradation of the channel indicates that the volume of the amount of money dictates. Economically dynamic society to meet the needs of a business to have all the economic factors, the development, the most important one. For example, luxury brands, the economic upturn when it is essential to perform much more than the price of production of the company. †¢ 5 †¢ †¢ †¢ Income and employment : Other important aspects of a business operation affects the economy, employment concentration, and the rate of income. Employment rate of per capita income and density requirements demand concentration, and determines the purchasing power of the people. For example, during an economic upturn, people will be able to possess a strong purchasing power of the income and employment opportunities that are there. In contrast, the concentration of employment and income rates go down during a recession, people also end up purchasing power. General price level: Business growth is an important part of the economy is another very important aspect of the product that is the general price level. The cost of raw materials, and paying capacity, production costs, transportation costs and the general price level and, in turn, is the most important element of business profit margin was lower. Inflation: Inflation is not supported by the output of goods and services in the economy means that there is too much supply when an event occurs. There will be a lot of money floating around, the price of the product is also required for the production, which is due to the increase in raw material costs, in order to maintain the growth of the business. A price hike of raw materials, thus, an increase in production costs. 6 Neutralizing External Factors Considering any business the best way to start the business is to start the business after a deep analysis of the current three situations †¢ †¢ †¢ Government policies regarding the business. Financial conditions of the company. Competitive market of that company. In short if a company need to establish the policy holders should first make a SWAT analysis that basically holds all the strength and weekness of that company. This will help them determine the possible external factors which can put great impact on the business. Conclusion Each change in the factors affecting an economys business. Therefore, the company is a foolproof strategy to cope with the dynamic changes in income

EMC 100 Essay

EMC 100 Essay EMC 100 Essay Introduction to Emergency Medical Services -Network of resources that provides emergency care and transport to victims of sudden illness and injury ROLES -Safety (safely gain access to the patient) -Gaining access to the patient -Assessment and initial care (until relieved by someone with equal or greater credentials) -Continuation of care -Record keeping -Liaison (between your department and people that work in more advanced EMS) RESPONSIBILITIES -Personal health and safety -Caring attitude -Maintain composure -Neat, clean, professional appearance -Up to date knowledge and skills -Put patient's needs as a priority Care given at scene -Arrival of additional EMS means you are the liaison and give them a basic report of your findings. -Care during transport -Transfer to hospital emergency department In-Hospital Care System EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT SPECIALTY FACILITIES -Trauma centers -burn centers pediatric centers HOSPITAL PERSONNEL -Physicians -Nurses -Allied personnel MEDICAL OVERSIGHT Indirect Medical Oversight -System Design -Protocols - SCOPE OF CARE -Legal duties to the patient, medical director, and the Public (duty to act). National standard curriculum -State law -Protocols -Standing orders -Ethical Responsibilities Meet the patient needs -mastery of skills -performance reviews -Honesty in reporting -continuing education -refresher programs STANDARD OF CARE -Defined by laws, administrative orders, and guidelines -Maintain consistency in training -Provide a scope of practice and guidelines for care Provide care based on yout training experience to avoid negligence COMPETENCE The ability to understand the questions of the First Responder and the implications of decisions made -In order to receive consent or refusal of care, the First Responder should determine competence May not be possible in certain circumstances -Intoxication -Drug Ingestion -Serious Injury -Mental Incompetence Consent -A competent patient has the right to make decisions regarding care. Can refuse treatment for any reason. -Patient must consent to emergency medical care. Implied Consent -Based on the assumption that the unresponsive patient or a minor's parents would consent to life saving interventions DNR -Patient has the right to refuse resuscitative efforts -Requires written order from physician -When in doubt or when written orders are not present, the first responder should begin resuscitative

Perception and attitudes towards bidilectal speakers Research Proposal

Perception and attitudes towards bidilectal speakers - Research Proposal Example The quote above suggests that the RP speakers are the better of the two in conveying information, and that they are even regarded and rated higher in the society that the regional speakers. However, it also suggests that the RP speakers are harsher in communication, and in nature when compared to the regional speakers, who although are poor communicators, are privileged with kindheartedness and sincerity. The reason why this point is interesting is that its implications are confusing. For instance, would we not expect the most privileged communicator in the society to be the one who was kind and sincere than the communicator who the society regards so poorly? The roles and natures of these two speakers seem interchanged, and this is what makes this point interesting, and worth looking into. To explore this issue closely, one could formulate a study that could provide more answers to the questions this point pose. An example of a research question that would shed more light on the issue would be what attributes and characteristics make Received Pronunciation speakers better than the regional speakers? To answer this question, one might need to formulate a study that would require the collection and analysis of data to come up with a comprehensive conclusion. In such a study, I would use random sampling to appoint participants. I would do this sampling on different individuals in the society of all ages, sex, race, education levels, class, and profession. I would ensure that I have a large number of participants in my study to minimize bias as much as possible. In addition to this, I would also use a number of research methodologies such as interviews and questionnaires to come up with both quantitative and qualitative data. I can obtain qualitative data by asking such q uestions like, who is your preferred communicator, RP or regional speakers. I can obtain quantitative data by asking questions such as how many RP speakers do you know, and

Choose one of brief Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Choose one of brief - Coursework Example Further, MiCSHA wanted to show what changes it intended to make and that is easy or the audience to understand. Brief one is underdeveloped compared to the second one. The use of e-Cigarette has become a major issue in the society today. Many people today advocate for the use of the e-cigarette as opposed to smoking the tobacco ones, and that has led to a clash of opinions from different quarters. The main idea is to generate as much information regarding the importance of these cigarettes and whether their threats to human health can be countered by using it. The prolonged utility of e-cigarettes can be dangerous to one’s health. The important thing should be the creation of a platform that allows everyone to make better use of the available innovations for the sake of meeting the health needs of everyone. This brief will seek to identify the strengths and define the importance of meeting the general needs of the society by coming up with ideal measures to prevent the harsh realities of tobacco smoking. This is not focused on just the impact of e-cigarettes but also on the financial and environmental aspects of adopting its use. It is a healthy option to tobacco smoking and allows one to choose levels of nicotine and flavoring compared to normal cigarettes that are predetermined. It also allows the individual to undergo similar feelings when working towards its consumption such as stress relief just as noted in normal cigarettes (Ross). For those looking to quit smoking, this is a good idea that will boost the chances of limiting nicotine consumption on a daily basis. It costs almost the same as the normal cigarettes and vaping is allowed in a variety of states. This means that it will be easier to continue enjoying these attributes while cutting down on nicotine and improving on health. With the potential benefits, it is very easy to use in the any part of the state and does not

Individual Behavior in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Individual Behavior in Organizations - Essay Example It explains why a person likes or dislikes a given entity from his/her perspective. Behavioral component explains the way a person would act or is expected to act in the case he/she comes across a certain situation or object. (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2012; Hogg and Vaughan, 2005) Attitudes give rise to an evaluative tendency on the individual’s part to like, ignore, or dislike the different entities he/she might come across in his/her lifetime. Hence, one’s attitudes often become crucial in deciding his/her propensity to execute his/her job role or the responsibilities delegated to him/her. In this way, employees’ attitudes significantly influence the workplace productivity. If the overall alignment of all the attitude components of an employee are oriented positively with respect to his/her job and/or responsibilities, he/she would understand his objectives more clearly and would further caste sincere focus toward achieving them with much ease and liking. (Kreitner and Kinicki, 2012; Eagly and Chaiken, 1993) First, need fulfillment, which entails the satisfaction of an employee’s spiritual, material, and intellectual needs, can be a prime causal in creating job satisfaction. Second, discrepancies are the cause that describes the extent of the employee’s satisfaction levels with his/her need fulfillments. Discrepancies are likely to vary person to person. Third, value attainment is intricately related to the corporate, social and family responsibilities of the employee as an individual who seeks to fulfill the requirements and expectations of others beyond his/her personal or professional pursuits. Fourth, the employee is most likely to be satisfied with is job if he/she is paid or benefited in other ways fairly enough in exchange of his/her labor. Fifth, a person’s personal traits determines how much he/she is suited for the job

Phage Therapy to Treat Bacterial Infections

Phage Therapy to Treat Bacterial Infections Introduction Bateriophages The word bacteriophage, which is a name for bacterial viruses, means â€Å"eater of bacteria.† These viruses parasitize and kill bacteria. Pioneering work on the genetics of bacteriophages in the middle of the twentieth century formed the foundation of more recent research on tumor-causing viruses and other kinds of animal and plant viruses. In this way bacterial viruses have provided an important model system. A bacteriophage is a bacterial parasite. By itself, a phage can persist, but it cannot replicate except within a bacterial cell. Most phages possess genes encoding a variety of proteins. (Ringo John) Discovery and Significance Bacteriophages, viruses that infect or kill bacteria, were discovered by Frederick W. Twort in England in 1917 independently. Twort observed that bacterial colonies sometimes underwent lysis (dissolved and disappeared) and that this lytic effect could be transmitted from colony to colony. Even high dilutions of material from a lysed colony that had been passed through a bacterial filter could transmit the lytic effect. However, heating the filtrate destroyed its lytic property. From these observations Twort suggested that the lytic agent might be a virus. D’Herelle rediscovered the phenomenon in 1917 (hence the term Twort –d’Herelle phenomenon) and coined the word bacteriophge, which means â€Å"bacteria eater.† He considered the filterable agent to be an invisible microbe- for example, a virus- that was parasitic for bacteria. (Pelczar) Since the bacterial hosts of phages are easily cultivated under controlled conditions, demanding relatively little in terms of time, labor, and space compared with the maintenance of plant and animal hosts, bacteriophages have received considerable attention in viral research. Furthermore, since bacteriophages are the smallest and simplest biological entities known which are capable of self replication, they have been widely used in genetic research. Much has been learned about host parasite relationship from these studies, which have provided a better understanding of plant and animal infections with viral pathogens. Thus the bacterium-bacteriophage interaction has become the model system for the study of viral pathogenicity. (Pelczar) General characteristics Bacterial viruses are widely distributed in nature. Phages exists for most, if not all, bacteria. With the proper techniques these phages can be isoalated quit easily in the laboratory. Bacteriophages, like all viruses, are composed of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat. Bacterial viruses occurring different shapes, although many have a tail through which they inoculate the host cell with viral nucleic acid. There are two main types of bacterial viruses: lytic, or virulent, and temperate or avirulent. When lytic phages infect cells, the cells respond by producing large numbers of new viruses. That is, at the end of the incubation period the host cell bursts or lyses, releasing new phages to infect other host cells. This is called a lytic cycle. In the temperate type of infection, the result is not so readily apparent. The viral nucleic acid is carried and replicated in the host bacterial cells from one generation to another without any cell lysis. However, temperate phages may spontaneously become virulent at some subsequent generation and lyse the host cells. In addition, there are some filamentous phages which simply â€Å"leak† out of cells without killing them. Types of Bacteriophages There are two types of bacteriophages. Virulent phages and Temperate phages Virulent phages :- As a result of reproduction, virulent phages destroy their host. For example :- T pahges or T1-T7 group of phages infect E.coli bacteria. Temperate Phages :- temperate phages do not kill their host and take over its machinery. For example :- Lambda phage (Study.com) Fig -1 Fates of Phages Morphology and Structure The electron microscope has made it possible to determine the structural characteristics of bacterial viruses. All phages have a nucleic acid core covered by a protein coat, or capsid. The capsid is made up of microbiological subunits called capsomeres. The capsomere consists of a number of protein subunits or molecules called protomers. Figure 1 shows the fine structure and anatomy of a common morphological form of the bacteriophage, one with a head and a tail. Fig. 2 Diagrammatic representation of coliphage Bacterial viruses may be grouped into six morphological types This type has a hexagonal head, a rigid tail with a contractile sheath, and tail fibers. This type has a hexagonal head similar to A. However, it lacks a contractile sheath, its tail is flexible, and it may or may not have tail fibers. This type is characterized by a hexagonal head and a tail shorter than the head. The tail has no contractile sheath and may or may not have tail fibers. This type has a head made up of large capsomeres, but has no tail. This type has a head made up of small capsomeres, but has no tail. This type is filamentous. Types A, B, and C Show a morphology unique to bacteriophages. The morphological types in groups D and E are found in plant and animal viruses as well. The filamentous form of group F is found in some plant viruses. Fig – 3 Types of Bacteriophages Phage Structure Most phages occur in one of two structural forms, having either cubic or helical symmetry. In overall appearance, cubic phages are regular solids or, more specifically, polyhedral; helical phages are rod-shaped. Polyhedral phages are icosahedral in shape. (The icosahedrons is a regular polyhedron with 20 triangular facets and 12 vertices.) This means that the capsid has 20 facets, each of which is an equilateral triangle; these facets come together to form the 12 corners. In the simplest capsid, there is a capsomere at each of the 12 vertices; this capsomere, which is surrounded by five other capsomeres, is termed as a penton. For example, the φX174 exhibits the simple capsid. In larger and more complex capsids, the triangular facets are subdivided into a progressively larger number of equilateral triangles. Thus a capsid maybe composed of capsomeres but it is still based on the simple icosahedrons model. The elongated heads of some tailed phages are derivatives of the icosahedrons. For example the head of the T2 and T4 phages is an icosahedron elongated by one or two extra bands of hexons. Rod-shaped viruses have their capsomeres arranged helically and not in stacked rings. An example is the Bacteriophages M13. Some bacteriophages, such as the T-even coliphages (T2, T4 and T6), have very complex structures, including a head and a tail. They are said to have binal symmetry because each virion has both an icosahedral head and a hollow helical tail. Phage Nucleic Acids Different morphological types of phages are also characterized by having different nucleic acid types. All tailed phages contain double-stranded DNA. The phages with large capsomeres and the filamentous ones have single-stranded DNA. Group E phages have single-stranded RNA. The DNAs of phages are circular under certain conditions. The DNA of phage φX174 is circular both in the virion and in the host cell. The DNA of phage lambda is linear in the virion, but on entering the host cell the cohesive ends join to form a circle. Infection of bacteria by phages Most bacteria are susceptible to attack by bacteriophages. A phage consists of a nucleic acid â€Å"chromosome† (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a coat of protein molecules. Phage types are identified not by species names but by symbols – for example, phageT4, phage lambda, and so forth. During infection, phage attaches to a bacterium and injects its genetic material into the bacterial cytoplasm. The phage genetic information then takes over the machinery of the bacterial cell by turning off the synthesis of bacterial components and redirecting the bacterial synthetic machinery to make phage components. Newly made phage heads are individually stuffed with replicates of the phage chromosome. Ultimately, many phage descendants are made and are released when the bacterial cell wall breaks open. This breaking open process is called lysis. The population of phage progeny is called the phage lysate. Commercial production of Phages In D’Herelle’s laboratory against various bacterial infections five phage preparations were produced. That phage preparations are Bacte-coli-phage, Bacte-rhino-phage, Bacte-intesti phage, Bacte-pyo-phage and Bacte-staphy phage. In the United States therapeutic phages were also produced. Seven phage product for human use produced by the Eli Lilly company in the 1940s including preparations against Staphylococci, Sreptococci, E.coli, and other bacterial pathogen. These preparations contains phage-lysed, bacteriologically sterile broth cultures of the targeted bacteria. These preparations were used against various infections including wounds, vaginitis, acute and chronic infections of the upper respiratory tract, abscesses and mastoid infections. In most of the Western World commercial production of therapeutic phages ceased because of controversy. But in Eastern Europe and in the former Soviet Union the use of phages continued therapeutically together with or instead of antibiotics. (Sulakvelidze.,et.al,2001) Phage therapy Pharmacokinetics Pharmacology is the study of drug’s impact on the body and body’s impact on the drugs. These two concepts are known as pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. In the concept of body, while considering anti microbial as drugs which includes both normal body tissues and the numerous symbiotic micro-organisms. Here we consider only pharmacokinetic aspect of phage therapy pharmacology. Pharmacokinectics describes drug’s potential that are sufficient to achieve primary pharmacodynamic effects. This description is distinguished into absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion components. Drug movement into the blood is absorption, drug movement into other body tissues is distribution, modification of drugs within the body is metabolism, and movement of drugs out of the body is excretion. These four pharmacokinetic aspects have the effect of both reducing and increasing drug densities. In the case of absorption and distribution, drug densities declines due to drug dilution and at the same time drug density increases in specific body compartments. Metabolism results phage inactivation due to phage interaction with immune systems or â€Å"activation† such as phage in situ replication. Excretion can reduce of drug densities in the body, it can also increased drug densities in bladder with therapeutic benefits. The success of phage therapy depends on generation of sufficient phage densities in the vicinity of the target bacteria to cause bacterial removal from the body at some adequate rate. Sufficient densities of phage will increase either to in situ replication which is a active treatment, or a consequence of what can be described as pharmacologically conventional dosing, is called passive treatment. (Abedon et al,2011) Potential benefits Phage therapy offers a possible alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments for bacterial infections. Phages are very specific to target one or a few strains of bacteria. Traditional antibiotics kill both harmful bacteria and useful bacteria such as those facilitating food digestion. The specificity of phages might reduce the chance that useful bacteria are killed when fighting on infection. Phages have ability to travel to a required site including brain. (Wikipedia.org) Phages are natural antimicrobial agents to fight bacterial infections in humans, in animals or in crops of agricultural importance. Phages have hygiene measure in hospitals and in food production facilities. (Brussow Harald) Alternatives to antibiotics Phage is a viable alternative to antibiotics. The collapse of antibiotics and emergence of harmful and drug resistant bacteria, phage therapy starts again and is being reintroduced. Phage therapy has many potential applications in human medicine, veterinary science and agriculture. Specificity – Phages are more specific than antibiotics, means one phage will only attack and eat one particular bacteria and no other. Each infection needs a particular phage to treat it. To improve the chances of success phage mixtures are applied or samples can be taken and an appropriate phage identified and grown. Phages can be chosen to be indirectly harmless not only to the host organism, but also to other beneficial bacteria, such as gut flora, thus reduce the chances of infections. Phage therapy give rise to few side effects. Phages replicates inside the patient, a smaller effective dose may not even be necessary. Currently phages are used therapeutically to treat bacterial infections that do not respond to conventional antibiotics particularly in Russia and Georgia. (Prof. Kieth) Need to study Phages As we saw research on phages and a lack of knowledge on phage biology affects on clinical failure. The emergence of antibiotics wiped out further research on medical use of phages. After many years, a new problem of bacterial resistance to use of antibiotic has arisen. Bacteria become resistant to drug used in modern medicine by adapting themselves. Problems created in treating patients in hospitals due to the emergence of modified pathogens such as S.aureus, P. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Time required to produce new antibiotic is much larger than the time of bacterial adaptation. Therapeutic Uses of Phages and Antibiotics Conclusion For phage therapy multidrug resistant bacteria have opened a second window. (Carlton,1999) Phage therapy is the therapeutic use of lytic phages to treat bacterial infections. It is an alternative to antibiotics developed for clinical use. Phages are more specific than antibiotics that are in clinical use. This therapy is harmless to eukaryotic hosts undergoing therapy and should not affect normal beneficial flora of the host. Theoretically a single small dose is effective. Specificity is the disadvantage because specific phage will only kill a bacterium if it is a match to the specific subspecies. Thus, to improve the chances of success, phage mixture may be applied or clinical samples can be taken and suitable phage identified and grown. In the country of Georgia phages are used to treat bacterial infections therapeutically. (Todar Kenneth)

A fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal: Doe

From the findings, it can be concluded that the results do support the hypothesis that mock jurors place a harsher sentence on the unattractive defendant in the manslaughter case. Whereas, it was not seen as significant on the unattractive defendant in the theft case, this finding is counterintuitive to the hypothesis however, one can speculate that being attractive may be more beneficial to those that are on trial for a serious crime. The implications here could be down to the serious consequences to the defendant’s life if they found guilty for manslaughter, when in actual fact it may not be entirely their fault. Whereas, with the theft case there was no doubt in the jurors mind that that individual was responsible for the consequences of their crime, due to being seen on Closed Circuit Television. With the legal system being highly complicated and complex, and with the limited knowledge the jurors hold about the system, maybe it is this that could explain that people we re more likely to place a lesser sentence on those in the manslaughter case. But this might not be the only reason for this difference, as the unattractive manslaughter-unattractive theft comparison did not yield significant results. As Baldwin and McConville (1979) pointed out that juries easily fall victim to stereotypes, manipulation and outside influences and fails in almost all of its goals, the results found here, and previous research further develops this theory. From the concerning results found, there is evidence that attractiveness does have an unwanted effect due to the internal biases of jurors. As a part of the study, participants were asked to answer short questions if they believed there was a criminal face and 10 out of the 32 participa... ...he did not commit. Retrieved January 3, 2012, from the.point.is: http://en.tpinews.com/2008/04/24/27-years-in-prison-for-a-crime-he-did-not-commit.html Tumonis, V. (2011). Persuasiveness of First Impressions: The Halo Effect . Retrieved January 21, 2012, from SwayCraft: http://www.swaycraft.com/421/persuasiveness-of-first-impressions-the-halo-effect/ United Nations. (1948). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved from United Nations: 3 Whittemore, K. E., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (1 995). Factors that influence jury decision making: Disposition instructions and mental state at the time of the trial. Law and Human Behavior. 1 9,283-303. Zakas, N. C. (2005, July 11). The Eye of the Beholder: Appearance Discrimination in the Workplace. Retrieved January 12, 2012, from nczonline: http://www.nczonline.net/downloads/AppearanceDiscriminationInTheWorkplace.pdf

Too Much Pressure

Colleen Went states that cheating has been on the rise due to the fact that many teachers accept it. The teachers knew that these things went on, yet nobody seems to do anything about them. With so many people cheating, teachers have a hard time tracking down who cheated and who didn't. Teachers assign homework every day, and they have over a hundred students. With so much assignments pouring in to be graded, teachers usually have students peer edit the assignment or they Just glance at it.The student could have Just written down something foolish and the teacher wouldn't notice. On account of this, many teachers think cheating is fine. Because many teachers ignore cheating that is occurring right under their noses, so many students get away with It. The lenient consequences that are given to students for cheating, is another factor that is causing an increase in cheating. Penalties for getting caught cheating are mild. If someone was caught cheating, that assignment or test is usual ly confiscated, and you ere given a zero for that assignment.However, your parents were not called, and you were not suspended. Getting a zero on one assignment doesn't hurt that much and the cheater doesn't even learn a lesson. Due to the light consequences, students cheat even more in school. Colleen Went used exposition style of writing. Through exposition, she informs, explains, and clarifies her ideas and thoughts. Exposition goes beyond description to help the reader understand with greater clarity and depth the Ideas and thoughts.

Leading Teams

Part I: Explain how you perceive your leadership style within the context of (a) the team you were assigned to during the course and (b) any another team you were a member of. The term leadership has been defined in many ways according to Howard Gardner (1995). President Harry Truman, an infamous leader could lead people to do what they do not want to do yet like it (Gardner, 1995; cited in Parker &ump; Begnaud, 2004).Eileen Ford from a well-established modeling agency defines leadership as the â€Å"ability to convince people to do what you want them to do as if they have thought of it themselvesâ€Å"(Karns &ump; Bean, cited in Parker &ump; Begnaud, 2004). Leadership guru Warren Bennis describes leadership as â€Å"those who make a contribution makes a difference in the organization, thus giving meaning to his or her work† (Czarnecki, 2010). In our times of innovation and change, my personal leadership have style involves a great deal of flexibility.At work, as the princip al of the Child Learning Center in the Saudi National Guard Health Affairs, I have strived to create an environment that is warm and inviting as well as nurturing. In my team during this course, I tried to look for what is best in each team member. One of my favorite quotes is by Albert Einstein states that â€Å"Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid. † I believe that you have to respect not only people’s needs, but also their pain and their vulnerability.From my work experience I have found that a lot of battles are about very personal things. I try my best to be attuned to the unspoken needs that people play out in the workplace and teams. People are people in whatever setting — they bring their luggage of stuff, we all do — and the dynamics in the workplace are a function of the interaction of what we all have in our suitcases. I can’t change that. Y ou can acknowledge it. You can give it space. You can give it air and light.In the end, it can’t rule the day, either, because in the workplace there are higher things and rules that are going to guide what we need to do here. It’s helpful to know that, and be aware of it as a leader, and it’s even better if your team is aware of it and feels that you’re not trying to change who they are. I believe that a team leader impact the team’s mood by modeling a positive state. Attitudes are contagious. When you smile, you make others happy. When you concentrate on being the positive factor in your team's day, their productivity goes up.When you seek out good things to say about others, you will find more good things about them. This is not coincidental. This is the power of being positive. My attitude has the power to not only lift me up or pull me down, but affect my team in the same way. I try to look for the positives in situations. And remember, as the saying goes, that I need â€Å"to accept the things I cannot change, and the courage to change the things I can†. I simply need the wisdom to know the difference between the two.I try hard to focus on only the things I can directly influence. Work at making a positive difference on those things. In Goleman, Daniel â€Å"Leading Resonant Teams† interview he mentioned that â€Å"The emotional system of the brain — unlike any other biological system in the body — is designed to be regulated not just internally but externally, in our relationships with other people. The circulatory system is a closed loop. But emotions are an open loop system. In other words, our brain is designed so that other people can help us manage our emotions better. Therefore, as a leader I must establish a set of ground rules for the way we work together, both by example in my own behavior and by commenting on the behavior of others and helping people do better. In other words, as a leader I need to help the team become more self-aware. Self-awareness is a prerequisite for the team’s ability to manage its own emotions, and deal with issues rather than burying them. Another component that is an important part of my leadership style is the ability to understand change. In my observation, change is a given.We are in a fast changing environment so therefore to manage it more effectively, as a leader. I must first accept it. An effective leader must be able to know what to do at all time. I must always have a plan but also be willing to change it. I realize that there will be bumps in the road that I do not expect and I must be willing to make changes to combat those changes. I believe that each of us can access our inner resources to become a more effective leader in our own field. But first we must be willing to take initiative and stand for something we believe in passionately.We must be ready to take the heat. Many of us avoid the responsibility of lead ership primarily because we are too sensitive to criticism. But when we know who we truly are and we live from an inner core of values, criticism can be filtered to take in only what is true and helpful to our growth. Part II Explain how you studied during this course and how you performed during this course in? class. Provide details of how you approached the course material, including all activities you did in relation to learning the concepts of teams.During this course I made sure that I finish reading all the required materials, I found the website (leader to leader) to be very helpful, especially the interview with Goleman, Daniel. I skimmed through the reading first and looked at the section headings so that I know the types of information that I'm going to be looking at because I know that the brain can only learn between 5 and 9 new concepts in a session. So I give myself several days to repeatedly rehearse and go over the material. I have read once that it takes about 24 h ours for the brain to process information to make it permanent, the more rehearsal, the more permanent it'll be.What I learned was that, some things are best done by a group than by an individual. I found that sometimes its ok delegate to other members tasks which are not my forte and concentrate on the one's I am good at. Being in a group made me experience different roles, if my idea was the one that the group agrees on, I got to be the leader, sometimes I get to follow other member’s plan. Being a Team leader does not mean managing the team, but help the team solve problems in order to be more effective.Rather than optimal leadership style, I leaned that different types of leaders are useful in different situations, and leaders are more important in some situation than others. But as much as possible, I learned how to be a good listener and patient when other members talk. We found it to be very helpful to set deadlines to get things done. Conflict is better handled when y ou talk it out with the people involved and let them understand how their roles impact the project and how this conflict affects the team’s goal. Finally I think that good communication it’s the key to successfully finish any project.

buy custom The World’s Gun Control essay

buy custom The World’s Gun Control essay The worlds gun control lobbyists promote the theory enthusiastically, namely the International Network for Small Arms (IANSA), a network, which regional and national gun control lobbyists belong. IANSAs director, on behalf of the group, endorsed the prohibition of firearm for self-defense possession. IANSA works toward the overall confiscation of non-governmentally firearms, with an exception for low-power rifles and single-shot guns owned by hunters. Amnesty International also works closely with IANSA together with Oxfam, with the three forming a lobbying group referred to as Control Arms. The IANSA in collaboration with the United Nations, work in collaboration to support a common agenda. This has had a radical effect on the right to defend one-self (Shute Hurley 38). The right to defend one-self in English law is generally a complete defense of all levels of assault. Charles argues that it can be of use in mitigating liability from situations of murder to manslaughter (213). This is in the case where a police officer or a soldier acting in his duty uses a stronger degree of force than expected or necessary for self-defense. Therefore, self-defense is discernible from provocation that only applies in mitigating what would otherwise change from murder to manslaughter (Todd 145). Scott says that because of the defense completeness, Self-defense in interpretation is relatively conservative as a way to avoid the creation of a standard of justification (134-143). The more level of forgiving a defense is the superior the incentive for a defendant to; relatively exploit it when making plans for the use of violence or in the attempt of explaining matters after the self-defense event (Scott 134-143). Therefore, even if the jury in cases of self-defense is entitled to take account of the actual physical characteristics of the respective defendant, the corrected evidence has little value in making decisions whether excessive force was of use in such an event (Robertson John 76-79). The law states, "A defendant has a right to use reasonable force in the event of protecting himself, as well as others for whom he holds responsibility as well as his property but the force must be reasonable." In the right to defend one-self, there is a controversy of what force is exactly reasonable as stipulated in the law. Opinions differ, and many scholars and organizations have different perspectives on the issue of reasonable force. The question underlying this is what the reasonable amount of force would be (Shute Hurley 38). However, in all cases, the respective defendant does not truly have the right of deciding how much force is so-called reasonable because it would be a norm for the defendant in maintaining the reasonable force (Forsythe 18-27). This would also contradict the isue of guiltiness because situations vary as explained in the earlier discussion, in this paper. Some situations do not even warrant any use of force and therefore, the defendants would use the concept of reasonable force to while away their guilt (David Joanne 43178). The jury, as members of the general community, should be the ones to decide the level or degree of reasonable force depending on the circ umstances that the defendants were at the time when they executed the right to defend one-self (Michael 156). Robertson John also argues that it is pertinent that the respective defendant was under pressure in situations of attack, and the imminent attack would not give him time act rational or make considerations of the amount of force used (76-79). Therefore, in executing a judgment on the right to defend one-self the test should balance the standard of a pertinent reasonable person through the attribution of some of the relative, subjective knowledge of the respective defendant, with an inclusion of their beliefs about the specific circumstances (Shute Hurley 38). However, even permitting for mistakes made in the event of crisis, the degree of force must also be proportionate as well as reasonable given the interests protected as well as the harm likely to occur by use of such force (Charles 213). The classic test on the right to defend one-self comes from the Jamaican Palmer v The Queen case, on appeal presented to the Privy Council in the year 1971. It espouses, "The defense in the event of self-defense is that which can be or will be understood readily by any jury. It is a type of a straightforward conception. Generally, it involves no particular form of abstruse legal thought. The defense only requires common sense for its understanding (Shute Hurley 38). The same is both convenient sense and reputable law that an attacked man may reiterate by defending himself (Forsythe 18-27). It is both convenient sense and reputable law that the man may do it, but may do, what is only and reasonably necessary. However, everything will be dependent upon the particular circumstances and facts (Todd 145). It may, in particular cases be, clearly possible and sensible to take candid avoiding action. There are attacks that may be dangerous and serious while others may not (Michael 156). If there were relatively some minor attack in the event, it would not be reasonable to allow some action of retaliation that was wholly over the proportion of the respective situation (David Joanne 43178). If an attack is severe and serious putting someone in instantaneous peril then direct defensive action might be relatively necessary (Shute Hurley 38). If the situation is one of predicament for someone in danger, he may have to literally, avert the danger through some instant reaction. When the attack is over and noo peril remains, then it is expected that the force employment ceases, and the introduction of revenge or even some form of punishment done through either paying off or pure aggression (Charles 213). There may not be any link with an inevitability of defense particularly when a jury thinks that in the situation of unexpected anguish an individual attacked only did what he instincti vely and honestly thought as necessary as the most potent evidence only reasonable as a defensive action" (Scott 134-143). Robertson John argues that the right to defend one-self is also dependent on the intent or the reason for holding the weapon (76-79). He gives an example in explaining the right to defend one-self. He illustrates that in R v Lindsay (2005), the defendant who was said to pick up a sword in defending himself after an attack in his home by masked intruders armed with handguns, cut and killed one of the attackers. He slashed him repeatedly using a sword in self-defense. The prosecution case read that, although he initially had acted in self-defense, he lost self-control and in the process demonstrating a clear intent of killing the armed intruder because, he slashed continuously (Forsythe 18-27). In fact, he was himself a cannabis dealer keeping the sword available in defending him against fellow drug dealers. The Court of Appeal did confirm an eight-year term for him to serve imprisonment (Shute Hurley 38). In a non-criminal context, this would not be the expectation for the case of o rdinary householders "going too far" to defend themselves against armed robbers (Todd 145). They would receive a self-defense probe because of the intention of their act as well as the possession of the weapon (David Joanne 43178). In explaining the right to defend one-self, the most astonishing claim is the Frey report, that there is no right of humans of self-defense. The reports states, No international right of human of self-defense is set forth expressly in the sources of international law including customary law, treaties, or general principles (David Joanne 43178). While the human right to life is evident in practically every foremost human rights treaty internationally, the right to defend one-self is expressly recognized only in one, that is, Protection of Human Rights Convention and Fundamental Freedoms (European Human Rights Convention) (Michael 156). In conclusion, the right to defend one-self is extremely wide and covered by many scholars but the international law has still not appropriately mandated the use of defense especially use of restrictive gun control. The issue is also wide as it covers key areas in self-defense including others and own property. There is therefore, need for specialty in each subject and a cardinal in each subject individually covered to cover the issue subjectively. Buy custom The World’s Gun Control essay

Top Quality Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Top Quality Management - Research Paper Example The leadership of the organization is therefore charged with the responsibility of ensuring that all the programs run as intended. Without doubt, the importance of this practice is seen in the success of organizations that have always been at the forefront in terms of quality and performance. Introduction The modern business environment demands more than conventional tactics and strategies. Globalization and economic liberalization have made the business environment more competitive and intricate to the extent that new strategies of operations become certainly imperative. In this regard, quality is one of the most important considerations as a way of creating a competitive advantage and retaining customers. The need to ensure high quality standards has become one of the core concerns for most modern organizations. In any case, Total Quality Management (TQM) calls for a number of strategies which can be adopted by a business in order to stay ahead of its competitors in the market. Con ventionally, TQM encompasses an agreed system of activities in the organization which transcends the operating structure, management of personnel and coordination of business activities in a manner that ensures high quality standards at the most economical budgets (Mizuno, 2004). ... It is a question of collectively involving everybody and everything in the organization through team work, commitment, empowerment of employees etc. The interventions in the TQM process have to be steered by four basic principles of change namely analysis, variability, work processes and continuous improvement. In this case, the production process must be enhanced, variance must be regulated and all the information on operations must be continuously collected and analyzed. In the same way, a continuous effort to improve the performance and the commitment of the employees must always be on course. A combination of these critical factors certainly creates a competitive advantage for the organization TQM and Corporate culture Most organizations have presently realized that in order to survive in the increasingly competitive business environment, they must always strive to become â€Å"total quality organizations† (Owlia, 2010). More importantly it should be realized that the esse nce of TQM is the concept of continuous improvement where innovation and change become central issues for management. TQM therefore employs a number of tools and strategies which are applied in the business in order to create a kind of behavior. Such behavior subsequently leads to such aspects like employee empowerment, an open culture in the organization and a sense of executive commitment. These aspects blend in to create the perfect innovation and change which ensures that quality is most ensured. The idea of corporate culture has been widely applied over time in many organizations. It is understood that the success of an organization is associated with the manner in which its employees feel, act and think. In any case, corporate culture includes the values, beliefs assumptions and